2 10 88 Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 3: Map Labels Description An account of the resource This layer includes tracings of labels, composed of text and black box markers, on the map. Although I cannot read Japanese, I believe these labels are significant because they label minute details on the map. I struggled with tracing a lot of the characters because I am not familiar with Asian languages. I noticed a horizontal line of text in black boxes on the map, which could possibly be a depiction of the equator. Because I cannot read Japanese I decided not to trace the text in the background, and focus on text that can still have significance for viewers who can't read Japanese. The presence of a label, even one that cannot be read, indicates the importance of a land mass. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esther Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Map Outline Description An account of the resource This layer only includes the outline and lines found on the map. I viewed this layer a skeleton of the map, representing the geometric theme used for forms that are not landmasses or illustrations. I placed this as the fourth layer so that it physically and visibly serves as a foundation for the other layers of the map. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esther Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 1: Water Description An account of the resource This layer shows the map reader(s) where bodies of water are located. Knowing the location and layout of water was important for at least two reasons: (1) it indicated where barriers and entryways to accessing land further inland existed, and (2) it helped planners determine where to station personnel, and subsequently supplies/equipment. More specifically, personnel were situated close to water, presumably for washing and perhaps drinking purposes. Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Layer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joa Alexander Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 2: Base Camp Layout Description An account of the resource One of the key purposes of this map was to provide the reader(s) with a plan for where to place specific military personnel and supplies/equipment upon landing on the beach. This information is conveyed through symbols, numbers, and acronyms, which the intended reader(s) was arguably trained to comprehend on sight as there is no key/legend provided on the map. This layer contains the symbols the planner used in creating the military base layout and in conveying information on placement of personnel and supplies. Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Layer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joa Alexander Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 3: Roads Description An account of the resource Another critical function of this map was to show the reader(s) how to move personnel and supplies around the beach area and, more importantly, further inland. This layer shows the roads—perhaps existing (represented by the solid lines) and planned (represented by the dashed lines)—that would be used for such movement and transportation purposes. Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Layer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joa Alexander Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Military Administrative Details - Security Classification & Reference Info Description An account of the resource This layer contains the security classification level of the map, as well as the name of the location, date the map was created, and information on who prepared it. The latter three items serve as important reference points for the map reader(s), who would need to: (1) distinguish beach #3 from other military beach sites in close proximity, (2) know how far in advance/up-to-date the map was created prior to the planned Lingayen Gulf landing, particularly if dates for the landing were to change, and (3) know who to contact with questions or hold accountable if an unfortunate situation were to play out based on the information provided through this map. The ‘Top Secret’ security classification is particularly important because it indicates that only a select few have the authorization to read the map and how they should treat the information contained in it. More specifically, the contents of the map are of such importance that unauthorized disclosure of the information could cause damage to U.S. national security. Without yet scrutinizing the rest of the map, the reader(s) would immediately know that its contents carry significant weight. Visually, it contains the largest written font and is the only information that exists outside of the map’s grid lines, again suggesting its importance. Type The nature or genre of the resource Map Layer Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joa Alexander https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952-17/original/93bf24759a04133c84a2911bde6899d2.jpg c57b5c255ca9938a08c36dab309305f2 Map Scale Scale [ca. 1:8,710] (E 13⁰21ʹ05ʺ--E 13⁰28ʹ05ʺ/N 52⁰33ʹ08ʺ--N 52⁰29ʹ11ʺ) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Die Königl. Preus. u. Churf. Brandenburg Residenz-Stadt Berlin Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johann Fridrich Walter Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harvard Map Collection (<a href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/010778295/catalog" target="_blank">permalink</a>) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1739 Language A language of the resource German Description An account of the resource Notes from HOLLIS Catalog: Shows names of streets, drainage, vegetation, principal buildings, and other points of interest. Relief shown pictorially. Above top margin: "Cum privilegio Sacrae Caesareae Majestatis Gratiosissimo." Oriented with north toward bottom. View below map: Prospect der Stadt Berlin wie solche Nord Westwärts anzusehen. Includes indices. Available also as a digital image through the Harvard University Web site. In German and Latin. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Homann Eben Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 1 map : hand col. ; 33 x 56 cm., on sheet 56 x 63 cm. Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 1: Geographical Features (Mountains) Description An account of the resource Description: Green-blue colored mountains can be seen in almost all continents of the map except for Japan and South America. Significance: Geographic features, primarily of mountainous regions give an image of how Japanese thought about natural terrains in the world. It may be worthwhile noting that the mountains in North America seem to be scattered across the land whereas the mountains in Eurasian areas seem to be more organized or are solely serving as continental boundaries. It is highly likely that the land orientation in the Americas was not understood well by the Japanese because they had technically closed off their country for 200 years. There is also a chance, however, that North Americans were perceived as disorganized or disintegrated types of people, divided by natural boundaries and possibly in a figurative sense, political boundaries as well. The one mountain illustrated inside Japanese borders is the only white mountain on the map and it seems to be of relatively big scale. This may be portraying Mount Fuji, symbolizing the Japanese admiration for what they possibly could have thought was the biggest natural landmark of the world. It may also be worth mentioning that there are relatively lightly colored mountains in the continent of South America. As far as what the geographical illustrations on the left side may have represented, the cartographer may have thought the Andes mountains were significantly tall as well and decided to illustrate them. The landmark represented by mountains on the right side of the continent, however, is unclear. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joki Kano Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 2: Bodies of Water Description An account of the resource Description: Red bodies of water, 「西紅海」「東紅海」can be seen to the right of Libya and running down North America out into the Pacific Sea (which is not shown on the map), respectively.　「西南海」(Southwest Sea)「大南海」(Big South Sea)「東南海」(Southeast Sea) are all now non-existent seas that were originally from a map made in China in the 1400s. 「メカラ海」(Mekala Sea) at the South Pole is a body of water North of a hypothetical continent, Terra Australis. There is also a mysterious body of water in Africa named 「古水」(Old Water). Significance: The body of water named 「東紅海」runs from the middle of the North American continent toward the Pacific Ocean. This ocean, also called at the time, “Vermilion Sea” (or presumably the current day Gulf of Mexico) in European contexts, was thought to have completely separated and isolated the land of California from the North American continent, leaving the state’s boundaries untouched. This theory became popular in the 1700s and 1800s, when Japan was still in its “isolation” period, hence why the theory is not reflected in this map and providing possible evidence that Japan closed off its information network. Such occurrences can also be observed in the depiction of 「西南海」(Southwest Sea)「大南海」(Big South Sea)「東南海」(Southeast Sea), as they were originally bodies of water that were shown on Chinese maps produced in the 1400s. The cartographer may have attempted to compensate for his lack of knowledge in foreign bodies of water, especially in the Southern regions by bringing features from already existing Chinese maps. 「メカラ海」(Mekala Sea) located north of the fantasized continent of Terra Australis, or as the Japanese called it, “Megallanica”, could possibly represent the effort of the cartographer to stress the possible reality of the hypothetical continent’s existence. 「古水」(Old Water) located in the Southern regions of Libya (Africa) is difficult to identify as there are currently no bodies of water in the continent comparable to the size of this illustration. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joki Kano Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 3: Illustrations of Fictional People Description An account of the resource Description: The「女人国」at the top represents an imaginative land in China where only women live and boys who are born immediately die. 「小人国」and 「一眼国」located closely to 「女人国」 means, “Country of Dwarves” and “Country of One-eyed People”, respectively.「超人國」means “Country of Giants”. Significance: 「女人国」and「小人国」are both fictional lands that originate from Chinese folktales. 「女人国」, or the “Country of Women” perhaps may have served to fulfill the fantasies of Japanese men in which they dreamed of a world where only women existed, or to represent the Japanese women’s urge to be represented in a highly bureaucratic society that granted men with more privileges. 「小人国」, or the “Country of Dwarves” may have symbolized the people’s desire to be of a larger existence both in a physical and figurative sense. 「超人國」, or the “Country of Giants” may have stood for the Japanese fear of the unknown world, thus resulting in an image that people who lived in the farthest distance from Japan were gigantic and perhaps harmful. Furthermore, in Cartographer Sekisui Nagatomo’s world map produced in 1785, there is a description about Brazil stating “the people in Brazil eat male human flesh”, possibly contributing to this rather devilish portrayal of the people of South America. The most interesting feature is「一眼国」, or “Country of One-eyed People”, which was a fictional land that served as a setting for an old Japanese folklore. The moral of the folklore was that if a “regular” two-eyed human went to this country, they would be perceived as “abnormal” for being the only two-eyed person there, hinting the notion that there are many sides to the world people do not know about and therefore should not always assume popular beliefs. These fictional countries and people account for the possibility that the Japanese during this period of isolation believed in and hoped for the existence of a more exotic world outside their borders. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joki Kano