5 10 88 Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Zodiac Glyphs Description An account of the resource The final layer of the map I included was the interpretations of the zodiac glyphs that surround the spheres. The twelve signs of the zodiac are divided among the four corners of the map. The upper left features Aries (the ram), Taurus (the bull), and Gemini (the twins) while the upper right includes Leo (the lion), Virgo (the maiden), and Cancer (the crab). The lower left includes Sagittarius (the archer), Libra (the scales), and Scorpio (the scorpion) while the lower right depicts Aquarius (water bearer), Capricorn (the goat), and Pisces (fish). They are intended to represent the sky which surrounds the Earth, and serve to adorn the map along with biblical imagery. The glyphs not only serve to fill what would otherwise be a literal empty void, but expand the map’s purpose to include decoration as well as pragmatism. Art could certainly incentivize people to buy the map–helping to disseminate its contents and in turn, share its arguments with a greater audience. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reade Rossman Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Symbols and Markings Description An account of the resource In some ways, this layer is least important visually, but it also holds a key to my map's purpose and the interesting way that it blends genres. This layer contains a couple of graphic design elements—compass rose and arrows indicating the river direction—that are clearly somewhat derived from navigation but here seem to be more decorative; and a series of large bold letters scattered throughout the city that correspond to a key in an upper panel describing points of interest on the map. These elements are interesting to me for several reasons. First of all, I think they nicely blend decorative and informative goals, adding a distinct element of design to the map while still maintaining a function. Second, they reinforce the map's status as a map for tourists, or those interested in Berlin, or, put more broadly, a map that belies pride in a well-fortified, green city full of points of interest. All of that being said, I have to be careful not to jump to too many conclusions drawn from this layer, because the text remains unreadable to me. One note is that in this larger image, it is easy to see the lower lithograph and the map itself as too distinct, discreet elements without overlapping design or purpose. But this layer shows that that is a mistake—the inclusion of letters and a descriptive key provides a design bridge between the halves, as it is employed as an informative strategy by both; and it suggest a unity of purpose for the entire image that is simply approached in two different mediums or genres of drawing. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Emma Talkoff https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952-17/original/6b1008d38721926b70e7611d6180ee5c.JPG 7e0bc0023d77483dc6e1bea1368898df Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 1: Geographic Coordinate Foundation Description An account of the resource This layer shows the latitude and longitude lines in all four panels of the map (the two hemispheres and the two poles). Included are the latitude and longitude degrees, with the equator clearly demarcated. As a world map, relative sizes and distances are important, so having this distinct foundational layer helps the viewer see these differences in space. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Goodman https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952-17/original/5c398a94f8a30aa46c4124dcbbad421e.JPG 383e1b32a67a7972cd174891836eb28d Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 2: Land/Water Boundaries Description An account of the resource This layer shows the lines on the map corresponding to boundaries between land and water. This includes continental borders, seas, lakes, islands, and rivers. As this is a world map, including a layer for the continents and oceans was essential, yet it is important to emphasize that the continents aren’t just land masses: they have complex water systems in and around them. Additionally, many of these land/water boundaries are missing, incomplete, or even incorrect. These include Eastern Australia, the Northwest of North America, and the island of California. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Goodman https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952-17/original/3f7f4a4b5267aef2f6f310ce931a3dbe.JPG 52368099dc602e5c5e979d1fdfc29704 Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 3: Text Description An account of the resource The purpose of the text serves to help the viewer identify countries, cities, or river names. This map was likely used more for artistic purposes rather than traveling purposes, so having the text in Latin allowed for ease in translation to other languages. Some text is emphasized more than other text. For example, the names of the continents stand out, but the names of the cities are in small, cursive font. https://s3.amazonaws.com/atg-prod-oaas-files/hist1952-17/original/ef87e0c559d925f56d19d0e889d80d9e.JPG c254c47f51c8c247a167615d75c0dce4 Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Time Description An account of the resource This map not only serves as a spatial frame of reference, but also as a temporal frame of reference. The ecliptic, showing the path that the sun follows over the course of a year, is annotated with zodiac symbols and days of the month. Additionally, zodiac references, grouped by season are placed into each of the four corners, combining artistry and practicality to this map’s take on time. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Goodman Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 3: Map Labels Description An account of the resource This layer includes tracings of labels, composed of text and black box markers, on the map. Although I cannot read Japanese, I believe these labels are significant because they label minute details on the map. I struggled with tracing a lot of the characters because I am not familiar with Asian languages. I noticed a horizontal line of text in black boxes on the map, which could possibly be a depiction of the equator. Because I cannot read Japanese I decided not to trace the text in the background, and focus on text that can still have significance for viewers who can't read Japanese. The presence of a label, even one that cannot be read, indicates the importance of a land mass. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esther Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 4: Map Outline Description An account of the resource This layer only includes the outline and lines found on the map. I viewed this layer a skeleton of the map, representing the geometric theme used for forms that are not landmasses or illustrations. I placed this as the fourth layer so that it physically and visibly serves as a foundation for the other layers of the map. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esther Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 1: Geographical Features (Mountains) Description An account of the resource Description: Green-blue colored mountains can be seen in almost all continents of the map except for Japan and South America. Significance: Geographic features, primarily of mountainous regions give an image of how Japanese thought about natural terrains in the world. It may be worthwhile noting that the mountains in North America seem to be scattered across the land whereas the mountains in Eurasian areas seem to be more organized or are solely serving as continental boundaries. It is highly likely that the land orientation in the Americas was not understood well by the Japanese because they had technically closed off their country for 200 years. There is also a chance, however, that North Americans were perceived as disorganized or disintegrated types of people, divided by natural boundaries and possibly in a figurative sense, political boundaries as well. The one mountain illustrated inside Japanese borders is the only white mountain on the map and it seems to be of relatively big scale. This may be portraying Mount Fuji, symbolizing the Japanese admiration for what they possibly could have thought was the biggest natural landmark of the world. It may also be worth mentioning that there are relatively lightly colored mountains in the continent of South America. As far as what the geographical illustrations on the left side may have represented, the cartographer may have thought the Andes mountains were significantly tall as well and decided to illustrate them. The landmark represented by mountains on the right side of the continent, however, is unclear. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joki Kano Tracing Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Layer 2: Bodies of Water Description An account of the resource Description: Red bodies of water, 「西紅海」「東紅海」can be seen to the right of Libya and running down North America out into the Pacific Sea (which is not shown on the map), respectively.　「西南海」(Southwest Sea)「大南海」(Big South Sea)「東南海」(Southeast Sea) are all now non-existent seas that were originally from a map made in China in the 1400s. 「メカラ海」(Mekala Sea) at the South Pole is a body of water North of a hypothetical continent, Terra Australis. There is also a mysterious body of water in Africa named 「古水」(Old Water). Significance: The body of water named 「東紅海」runs from the middle of the North American continent toward the Pacific Ocean. This ocean, also called at the time, “Vermilion Sea” (or presumably the current day Gulf of Mexico) in European contexts, was thought to have completely separated and isolated the land of California from the North American continent, leaving the state’s boundaries untouched. This theory became popular in the 1700s and 1800s, when Japan was still in its “isolation” period, hence why the theory is not reflected in this map and providing possible evidence that Japan closed off its information network. Such occurrences can also be observed in the depiction of 「西南海」(Southwest Sea)「大南海」(Big South Sea)「東南海」(Southeast Sea), as they were originally bodies of water that were shown on Chinese maps produced in the 1400s. The cartographer may have attempted to compensate for his lack of knowledge in foreign bodies of water, especially in the Southern regions by bringing features from already existing Chinese maps. 「メカラ海」(Mekala Sea) located north of the fantasized continent of Terra Australis, or as the Japanese called it, “Megallanica”, could possibly represent the effort of the cartographer to stress the possible reality of the hypothetical continent’s existence. 「古水」(Old Water) located in the Southern regions of Libya (Africa) is difficult to identify as there are currently no bodies of water in the continent comparable to the size of this illustration. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joki Kano