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                <text>15th Century European Trade Routes</text>
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                  <text>Spatial Histories</text>
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                  <text>What do spatial histories look like? Here is a gallery of images that advance and enrich the histories laid out in &lt;a href="http://hist1952-17.omeka.fas.harvard.edu/exhibits/show/mobility" target="_self"&gt;these student projects&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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                <text>Al [Mappability of the Thai-Laos Border/line]</text>
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                <text>Amory Photo </text>
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                <text>Cartographic Isolation of the Halcott Valley</text>
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                <text>https://arcg.is/Kff0X</text>
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              <text>Scale [ca. 1:8,710] (E 13⁰21ʹ05ʺ--E 13⁰28ʹ05ʺ/N 52⁰33ʹ08ʺ--N 52⁰29ʹ11ʺ)</text>
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                <text>Die Königl. Preus. u. Churf. Brandenburg Residenz-Stadt Berlin</text>
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                <text>Johann Fridrich Walter</text>
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                <text>Harvard Map Collection (&lt;a href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/010778295/catalog" target="_blank"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;)</text>
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                <text>1739</text>
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                <text>Notes from HOLLIS Catalog:&#13;
Shows names of streets, drainage, vegetation, principal buildings, and other points of interest. &#13;
Relief shown pictorially. &#13;
Above top margin: "Cum privilegio Sacrae Caesareae Majestatis Gratiosissimo." &#13;
Oriented with north toward bottom. &#13;
View below map: Prospect der Stadt Berlin wie solche Nord Westwärts anzusehen. &#13;
Includes indices. &#13;
Available also as a digital image through the Harvard University Web site. &#13;
In German and Latin. </text>
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                <text>Homann Eben</text>
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                <text>1 map : hand col. ; 33 x 56 cm., on sheet 56 x 63 cm. </text>
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                <text>Japanese Taking Big Chances</text>
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                <text>Layer #1: Surrounding Waters</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This layer includes the water that surrounds the camp and roads. It shows areas where roads intersect this water and allows for crossing through a break in the connection of the channel . This layer highlights how isolated the camp is as the water is on all sides of the camp with a giant patch of space in the middle of the layer.  Certain sandbars are shown to be isolated by the water to the top and bottom right of the map . The layer does not give information about water depth or direction of flow. This means that the water is not significant as a mode of transportation, but that it is a barrier to some transportation. The waters to the top and left of the layer are thinner in width compared to the right, so they are most likely a river or stream compared to a pond. The left waters form a loop with a large sandbar of space represented on the layer. The top waters branch from a single point that is a fork in a river.  The right fork of the river also connects to the larger body of water on the right side. There is a lot of space in this layer. This is interesting because when looking at the original map, the eye tends to be attracted to the darker areas of water. However, the map is mostly land and thus this layer has some large open spaces. </text>
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                <text>Michael H</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Layer #2: Roads</text>
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                <text>This layer shows the layout of roads on the beach. There are 12 distinct roads on the layer. 5 of the roads run from left to right and the other 7 run from bottom to top. There is a single box formed by the intersections of these roads. This signifies that the roads are not used to travel across the area mapped, but rather to get to a specific location and not leave a certain route. The words "Through Route for Unit Traffic" tell that the road is being utilized by some group for transportation in an organized fashion. These words are accompanied by arrows indicating the direction of this travel. The arrows are only shown on latitudinal roads showing that the horizontal component of the roads is more significant than the vertical component. One contrast is that there are two different drawings of roads on the layer. There is no significant pattern to which roads are solid and which ones are dashed. This may indicate the state of the road or show a difference between asphalt and dirt roads. This layer appears to be organized and compact with most space occurring on the edges of the map with some blocks of space segmented by the roads. Four of the roads appear to run into nothingness as they do not connect to any other roads and stop in the middle of a space. </text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Michael H</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Layer #3: Boxed Symbols</text>
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                <text>This layer of the map is the most nebulous and simple. It has the 9 large boxes from the center of the map and 1 of the smaller symbols from the upper left portion of the bounded area. These boxes are arranged in a square and have one of three symbols: a funnel, a waning crescent moon, or a silo. I believe that these symbols represent different groups of soldiers. It is most likely that each box represents patrols of a larger unit of the army. So all the funnels are in one unit and likewise for the other symbols. This layer is important because it shows the organization of the camp. The boxes form a grid that fits into the spaces between the roads and fits neatly. The symbol of the wheel up and to the left may represent a location for transportation storage such as a garage. This layer is the simplest of my four and shows the most important aspects of the camp in a broad way. There is a lack of detail about type and number of troops in each section.  This layer of the map reinforces the idea that this map is classified as confidential. To understand this map a reader would have to have specialized knowledge of military maps of the United States and recognize certain symbols.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Michael H</text>
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                <text>Layer #4: Military Info</text>
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                <text>This layer of my map contains all of the pertinent military information from the original map. It has a grid system which according to the legend forms 100 x  100 yd boxes. This is useful information for the military group using the map as they want to know travel times for soldiers and vehicles to plan an attack. It also indicates that this map was created by enlarging a preexisting aerial image. This means that the map itself is only a portion of a larger image. This explains the pencil shading and lack of detail. The map does not give a title other than "Beach #3" and offers no information about its location in the world. The only color of the map appears on this layer in the "Beach Perimeter". This red arc is used to show a beach area and the front that the soldiers will most likely approach. The color is significant because it stands out from the map and is clearly important due to the use of color. The layer also includes a partial compass rose which shows the map is not oriented to the North but rather toward the red line. The map was created on  11-28-1944, which makes it a map utilized in WWII. It also has the designation "Top Secret" which implies that it was highly important to some mission that was kept hidden.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Michael H</text>
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